中国级别最高的监狱是什么监狱?秦城监狱,位于北京市北部,燕山东麓,西面群山重叠,北、东、南面则是一望平野。是中国最著名的监狱之一,曾关押过众多高级别囚犯,有“中国第一监狱”之称。下面就跟一起具体看看中国级别最高的监狱等相关内容。

建造背景
秦城监狱是中国最著名的监狱,建立于1958年,位于北京市昌平区兴寿镇秦城村(位于小汤山镇附近),曾关押过满清要员、国民党将军、“四人帮”、成克杰等高级别的囚犯。中国被判刑的省部级高官大多在此集中关押。秦城监狱也是唯一不隶属于司法部而是公安部的监狱。
最初,监狱共建有4幢白色楼房,“文革”期间,“高级犯人”增多,“牛鬼蛇神”无处关押,于是这里进行了扩建。1967年,秦城监狱增加了6栋楼房和6个院子。
每间监室有20平方公尺,内有单独的洗手间,还有坐式马桶和脚踏式冲水。重犯囚室内的墙壁是特制的,可严防囚犯撞墙自杀。房内的常置设施只有一张距地面一尺左右的矮床。需要写“交待材料”时,才会由管理人员送进一张小学生式的单人课桌供使用。但也许是出于安全的考虑,凳子是永远没有的,床铺就是犯人平日坐的地方。室内所有永久性设施都被去掉了棱角,被打磨成圆形。铁丝、碎玻璃片、绳索甚至布条,以及易燃易爆物品,总之,一切可能被用来行凶、自杀、越狱的工具都在这里绝迹。

统计资料显示,2004-2014年来被查处的副省(部)级以上高官超过100人,除被执行死刑外,绝大部分人被关押在秦城监狱,或在此服过刑。
监狱前身
历史演变
秦城监狱前身是功德林监狱,功德林1号的前身是国民党北平第二模范监狱,所以这里也称“功德林”监狱。这座监狱是民国四年(即1915年)建造的。
北洋军阀、国民党政府、日本侵略军等反动统治者占领北平时都曾管辖和利用过这座监狱。这座监狱是统治阶级用来镇压人民的御用工具,也是反动派关押和迫害革命志士仁人的历史罪证。中国革命的先驱李大钊烈士当年就是被关押在这里,并在此英勇就义的。监狱大墙外面就是反动派处决人犯的刑场。解放后,在“功德林”大墙外面的地下,发现掩埋着一层层白骨。
进城后,功德林监狱由两个部门(华北军区军法处和华北社会部审讯科)管辖,犯人也分为两部分:一部分是华北军区军法处关押的犯人;另一部分是审讯科管的犯人。犯人们由两个部门分别安置在东西监房内,各自管理。办公室也是一个院子分为东西两部分,各自办公。1952年,军法处搬走后,所有房屋全部移交公安部一局四处(执行处)。
1952年在“功德林”的大墙外边盖了一部分简易平房,作为监狱干部的家属住房。但由于数量很少,有一部分干部和家属还得住在监房中。
随着预审工作的深入开展,犯人也陆续增加。除了审讯科入城时带进的几百名在押犯以外,以后又先后收押了一些“三反”、“大镇反”等运动中清理出来的犯人以及一些专案犯人,监房显得愈发紧张。1954年以后,全国六个大区的战犯管理处撤销,全国除保留抚顺战犯管理所外,主要战犯多集中在北京的“功德林”监狱。此外,在这里还收押了一些外籍犯和特殊犯人。因此,当时犯人的管理问题成了预审工作中一个亟待解决的大问题,而首先急需解决的就是监房拥挤和管理上区别对待的问题。
设施介绍

在这座监狱里没有放风场地,没有审讯室,也没有卫生设施,甚至连个说得过去的厕所都没有。每个监舍的面积很小,还不足2平方米。为防止犯人逃跑,整个监狱的外形呈“八卦”形,每一个八卦角是一栋监房,全部是砖木结构,监舍的出口很少,每扇门都是设在“八卦”的角上而反锁着,地面铺的青砖,监舍阴暗潮湿,再加上年久失修,几十年来风风雨雨,随时都有坍塌的危险。
李鸿章身居高位又是朝廷大官 他为什么还能够经商呢
还不知道:为什么能经商的读者,下面小编就为大家带来详细介绍,接着往下看吧~ 在清王朝,李鸿章身居高位,当官为何还能经商? 其实,这与中国历史上的官商传统有关。 何为官商?官商就是亦为官,亦为商。官商在中国的历史很悠久。可以说,有官,就有商,即官商。 在时,朝廷规定商人及子孙不得为官,但为官之人却可以经商。 于是,汉代官吏争相经商。 官员多是利用权力,贱买贵卖,获取暴利。 盐铁专营,就是他们牟利的利器。 到东汉末年,为官者经商的风气逐渐开始改变。由于政府竭力贬低商人,许多士大夫们也以牟利为耻,不再经商。即使如此,仍有官经商,成为官商。 到了,朝廷规定五品以上的官员,不得入市经商。 唐以后,由于抑商贱商之风日隆,官员公开经商的,已很少见了。宋元明几朝,官员几乎很少经商。 但是,到了晚清,由于外国势力入侵,加上中国资本主义有了一定发展,官员们又开始打破陈规,纷纷参与经商。如李鸿章身为朝廷梁柱,却兴办了许多营利企业,如、上海机器织布局,等等。大清王朝中,不仅像李鸿章那样的大官参与经商,其他小吏也纷纷办厂办公司,疯狂牟利。 最终,官商巧取豪夺更加剧了社会矛盾,导致清王朝垮台。 免责声明:以上内容源自网络,版权归原作者所有,如有侵犯您的原创版权请告知,我们将尽快删除相关内容。
航海星座有哪些 有王者级别的星座
IntroductionHave you ever looked up at the night sky and wondered about the countless twinkling stars? From ancient times, people have been fascinated by the stars and their patterns, which they believed could provide guidance during their travels. Among these patterns are the 88 modern constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union, with some of the most famous ones being the zodiac constellations. In this article, we will be exploring the lesser-known but equally intriguing group of constellations - the nautical constellations.History of Nautical ConstellationsThe nautical constellations were first documented by Greek astronomer Ptolemy in the 2nd century AD. These constellations were drawn up to help sailors navigate the open sea, and each constellation bore a name related to seafaring. For example, Carina, the keel of the ship Argo, was originally called Vela, meaning sails. Over time, more constellations associated with navigation were added, such as Pyxis, the ship‘s compass, and Sextans, the navigational tool used for measuring angles.Important Nautical ConstellationsOne of the most important nautical constellations is Crux, also known as the Southern Cross. This four-star constellation is visible in the southern hemisphere and was used by sailors to find the direction of south. Another notable constellation is Argo Navis, the ship of the Argonauts in Greek mythology. Argo Navis was one of the largest constellations, but was later broken up into Carina, Puppis and Vela. These three constellations represent the keel, stern and sails of the ship respectively.上岸星座Mythical Nautical ConstellationsAside from Argo Navis, many nautical constellations have their origins in Greek mythology. For instance, Cetus, the sea monster, is said to terrorize Andromeda, the daughter of the Ethiopian king Cepheus. Perseus slays Cetus and saves Andromeda, and in remembrance of this event, Cetus was immortalized in the stars. Another mythological nautical constellation is Capricornus, the sea-goat. Capricornus is said to be the god Pan, who transformed into a fish to escape from Typhon, a monstrous creature. The transformation was not fully successful, and Pan‘s lower half remained a fish.The Legacy of Nautical ConstellationsAlthough the use of nautical constellations for navigation has become obsolete with the advancements in modern technology, the legacy of these constellations lives on in various aspects of our lives. Many of the nautical constellations have been incorporated into logos and coats-of-arms of maritime organizations and corporations. They have also been referenced in literature and popular culture, such as in the book “Moby Dick” and the film “Pirates of the Caribbean”. Additionally, the nautical constellations serve as a reminder of humanity‘s fascination with the stars, and their enduring influence on our history and culture.ConclusionWhile the 88 modern constellations might be more well-known, the nautical constellations have a rich and fascinating history of their own. From their creation for navigation to their inclusion in mythology and culture, the nautical constellations have left an enduring impact on our society. Next time you look up at the night sky, take a moment to appreciate these lesser-known but equally mesmerizing constellations.